Revista Chilena de Anestesia follows the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) “Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals”.
All authors submitting a manuscript to Revista Chilena de Anestesia are required to understand and to adhere to the material below.
Role of Authors and Contributors
Revista Chilena de Anestesia adheres to the ICMJE recommendations for defining the role of authors and non-author contributors
Rvista Chilena de Anestesia therefore defines manuscript Authors as meeting all of the following 4 criteria:
- Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
- Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
- Final approval of the version to be published; AND
- Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Those individuals who do not meet all four criteria for authorship can be referred to as Collaborators as defined by the NLM and MEDLINE/PubMed: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/ma08/ma08_collaborators.html. These Collaborators are individually but separately listed as such on the Title Page of the submission. These Collaborators will be listed in a separate section at the end of the paper when it is published by Revista Chilena de Anestesia. This section entitled “Collaborators” will be placed immediately after the Body of the text, to be followed by Acknowledgements, then Disclosures, and lastly, References.
If the manuscript has been authored by a subset of members of and/or on behalf of a larger group, that larger group can be listed by its formal name, which is preferably placed after the list of formally named authors.
Each manuscript must have a Corresponding Author. The corresponding author serves as the primary contact during the submission and review process on behalf of all co-authors. Upon submission, the corresponding author is required to attest to the validity and legitimacy of the data and interpretation. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all authors have reviewed the manuscript and have completed the conflict of interest disclosures. If the manuscript is accepted, the corresponding author is responsible for reviewing the proof.
Author Conflict of Interest
Revista Chilena de Anestesia endorses the ICMJE recommendations for defining the role of authors’ conflict of interest.
Revista Chilena de Anestesia holds that a conflict of interest exists when professional judgment concerning the primary interest, including patients’ welfare or the validity of research, may be influenced by a secondary interest like financial gain. Perceptions of conflict of interest are as important as actual conflicts of interest.
Authors therefore must define all funding sources supporting their work. This includes departmental, hospital, or institutional funds. The authors must disclose commercial associations that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted. Financial relationships such as employment, consultancies, stock ownership or options, honoraria, patents, and paid expert testimony must also be reported.
Protection of Human Subjects
All clinical investigators undertaking human subjects research must abide by the “Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects” outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, and adopted in October 2000 by the World Medical Association.
Clinical studies not meeting the Declaration of Helsinki criteria will not be considered for publication. If published research is subsequently found to be noncompliant, it will be retracted.
On the basis of the Declaration of Helsinki, Revista Chilena de Anestesia requires that all manuscripts reporting clinical research state in the first paragraph of the Methods section that:
- The study was approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB), and
- Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects, a legal surrogate, the parents or legal guardians for minor subjects, or that the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
The Editors of Revista Chilena de Anestesia may question the authors about the details of the IRB review, informed consent forms, or the consent process. On occasion, the Editor-in-Chief may request a copy of the approved IRB application from the author. Lack of appropriate consent or its documentation will be grounds for rejection or subsequent retraction.
Patients also have a right to privacy regarding their protected health information (PHI). Access to their protected health information (PHI) should not occur without their written authorization of use or disclosure of PHI for the explicit purposes of (a) research or (b) an expanded case series (with an N > 3). Under certain circumstances, the requirement for patient written authorization may be waived by the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
Investigational Drugs
The Editorial Board of Revista Chilena de Anesthesia may exercise judgment about the ethics of a clinical trial involving investigational drugs that differs from the view of the investigators’ Institutional Review Board. This situation most frequently occurs in studies involving neuraxial or perineural drug administration; drug studies in children; and nonconformity in dose, route, or indication (“off-label” use).
Studies using drugs injected into the neuraxial (caudal, intrathecal, or epidural) or perineural space must meet at least one of three criteria:
- The drug is approved for neuraxial or perineural administration by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the equivalent regulatory agency for the country in which the study took place.
- The drug is not approved for neuraxial or perineural use, but it is widely used and accepted for neuraxial (e.g., fentanyl) or perineural administration. The publication of dosing guidelines in multiple textbooks represents a reasonable demonstration that a drug is widely used and accepted for neuraxial or perineural administration.
- The study is performed under an Investigational New Drug (IND) or Biologics License Application (BLA) application approved by the US FDA or the equivalent agency in the investigator’s country.
Revista Chilena de Anestesia is committed to expanding knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of drugs in children. However, studying drugs in children when there is no pediatric indication poses ethical concerns. Therefore, studies of drugs in children must meet at least one of three criteria:
- The drug is approved for pediatric administration by the US FDA or an equivalent regulatory agency.
- The drug is not approved for use in children but is widely used and accepted for pediatric administration. A reasonable demonstration that the drug is clinically accepted for use in children is when the administration in the study is consistent with the route, dose, and indication reported in multiple textbooks.
- The study is done under an IND application approved by the US FDA or the equivalent agency in the investigator’s country. Investigators in the United States are directed to the FDA website for further information on obtaining an investigator IND.
Revista Chilena de Anestesia will not publish a paper describing a retrospective assessment involving pediatric drug administration, if the treatment would be considered inappropriate or unethical in a prospective trial.
Drugs are commonly used off-label in clinical trials, and the practice is generally acceptable. However, the Editorial Board of reserves the right not to review a manuscript describing off-label administration of a drug if the Editorial Board believes the study posed unacceptable risk to subjects. To preclude such a determination, investigators are encouraged to obtain an Investigator IND from the US FDA or an equivalent agency in their country before initiating studies involving off-label drug administration.
Protection of Animal Subjects
Manuscripts describing investigations performed in vertebrate animals must explicitly state that the study was approved by the authors’ Institutional Review Board for animal research. The Journal expects humane and ethical treatment of all experimental animals, and requires that the study has been conducted in a manner that does not inflict unnecessary pain or discomfort upon the animals, as outlined by the United States Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (1996), prepared by the National Academy of Sciences’ Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. A statement to this effect should appear at the beginning of the Methods section of the manuscript.
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the use of previously published material without attribution.
Text copied from previously published work is interpreted using the following taxonomy:
Intellectual theft is misrepresentation by an author that words and ideas previously published by another author represent the plagiarist’s own scholarship. It is the most serious form of plagiarism. Intellectual theft identified during screening results in immediate rejection of the manuscript and a request for an explanation from the author.
Intellectual sloth is the use of the words of another author to avoid the effort of writing new text. It commonly occurs when descriptions of research methodology are taken from prior publications. It is less serious than intellectual theft, because the text is generic and of no particular value. Submissions containing intellectual sloth are typically returned to the authors with a request that the copied text either correctly cite the original author or be rewritten in the authors’ own words.
Plagiarism for scientific Spanish occurs when authors uncomfortable using scientific Spanish compose their manuscripts as a patchwork of previously published sentences and paragraphs. Papers constructed in such a manner are rejected outright, primarily because it suggests that the authors may not understand the text they have submitted for publication.
Technical plagiarism is the use of verbatim text not identified as taken verbatim, but simply referenced to the original source. The offense is a technical one, and authors are simply asked to correct it prior to peer review.
“Self-plagiarism” occurs when an author uses his or her verbatim words from a previous manuscript in a new submission. Provided the authors are not engaged in duplicate publication, the Journal does not view “self-plagiarism” as misconduct. Authors are permitted to reuse their own words, and are encouraged to do so when describing identical research methods in multiple papers.
Duplicate Submission or Duplicate Publication
Duplicate submission is concurrent submission of a nearly identical manuscript to two journals. It is improper for authors to submit a manuscript describing essentially the same research simultaneously to more than one peer-reviewed research journal. Authors should not submit the same manuscript, in the same or different languages, simultaneously to more than one journal. Duplicate submissions identified during peer review will be immediately rejected.
Duplicate submissions that are discovered after publication in the Journal will be retracted.
Duplicate publication is prior publication of a manuscript with considerable content overlap, particularly in the research results, by the same author or co-authors. Prior publication may be in the same language or it may be a translation (usually from the author’s native language to English). Submitted manuscripts must not have been published elsewhere, in whole or in part, on paper or electronically. This includes personal, departmental, educational, or other Internet sites. This does not apply to abstracts of scientific meetings or to lecture handouts (e.g.Congreso Chileno de Anestesia, IARS Annual Meeting, ASA Annual Meeting). Revista Chilena de Anestesia requests that authors inform the Journal when results of a submitted manuscript have been previously presented or published in any venue. If a manuscript has been published previously, the submission to Revista Chilena de Anestesia will be rejected unless it has already been published by the Journal, in which case it will be retracted.
Scientific Misconduct
When Revista Chilena de Anestesia has concerns or receives allegations of scientific misconduct, the Editorial Board reserves the right to proceed according to the procedures described below.
Revista Chilena de Anestesia recognize its responsibility to appropriately address concerns allegations of misconduct. Examples of misconduct include: fraud, data fabrication, data falsification, plagiarism, improper designations of authorship, duplicate publication, misappropriation of others’ research, failure to disclose conflict(s) of interest, and failure to comply with applicable legislative or regulatory requirements. Misconduct also includes failure to comply with any rules, policies, or procedures implemented by Revista Chilena de Anestesia.
In general, Revista Chilena de Anestesia follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when working to address allegations of misconduct. When a concern or allegation is raised involved parties generally will be contacted to provide an explanation of the situation. As needed, Revista Chilena de Anestesia may also contact the institution at which the study was conducted and any other involved journals. Revista Chilena de Anestesia will attempt to determine whether there was misconduct and the Editor-in-Chief will respond with an appropriate action.
Examples of action include:
Sending a letter of explanation only to the person(s) involved or against whom the allegation is made.
Sending a letter of reprimand to the same person(s), warning of the consequences of future, similar instances.
Sending a letter to the relevant head of the educational institution and/or financial sponsor of the person(s) involved, expressing the concerns and information collected.
Publishing in Revista Chilena de Anestesia a notice of duplicate publication, “salami” publishing, plagiarism, or other misconduct, if clearly documented. In cases of ghostwritten manuscripts, the notice may include the names of the responsible companies as well as the submitting author(s).
Providing specific names to the media and/or government organizations, if contacted regarding the misconduct.
Formally withdrawing or retracting the article from Revista Chilena de Anestesia, and informing readers and indexing authorities
Banning an author or authors from publishing any manuscript in Revista Chilena de Anestesia for a specified time period, with notice to the author(s) institution.
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